Editorial Board
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4Contents
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4Study of Organic and Inorganic Residues on the Stone Tools from the Early Mesolithic Layer in the Dvoinaya Cave (Northwestern Caucasus)1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): O.I. Aleksandrova, V.N. Kireeva, E.V. LeonovaThis paper presents the data of technical and technological analyses of organic and inorganic residues collected from the surfaces of lithic artifacts recovered from the Early Mesolithic layer in the Dvoinaya Cave (Northwestern Caucasus). The micro-chemical and IR analyses have revealed plant and animal residues, as well as mineral components. Organic residues noted on the tool edges are well correlated with the data of the use-wear analysis that was carried out previously. Carinated Pieces in Paleolithic Assemblages of Central Asia1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): K.A. Kolobova, A.I. Krivoshapkin, K.K. PavlenokBefore the 1970s, Eurasian Aurignacian artifacts of the carinated type were interpreted as tools, specifically endscrapers or burins. At present, they are more and more often regarded as cores for bladelets with a curved profile. In the southeast, their distribution area was previously believed to extend to the southern part of the Afghan-Tajik depression. Recent studies in western Central Asia, however, suggest that the boundary passes across northwestern High Asia. In this area, carinated pieces are associated with the Kulbulakian culture (35–30 to 20 ka; the upper chronological limit may be even later). Comparison with tentatively contemporaneous Aurignacian industries of the Levant, Zagros, and Gorny Altai indicates a common evolutionary trend, regional specificity notwithstanding. Ceramics of the Mariinskoye Culture from the Lower Amur1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): Y.B. Tsetlin, V.E. MedvedevThe present study was mostly aimed at reconstructing the traditions of ceramic manufacturing that were practiced by the people of the recently identified Mariinskoye culture of the Early Neolithic (the 8th–7th millennia BC) in the Lower Amur. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of ceramics via a historical-cultural approach to the studies of ancient pottery production. General pottery traditions have been established, indicating a cultural homogeneity for the population of the Mariinskoye culture. The work represents a methodological study that suggests various perspectives of this approach. Chronology of the Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze Age in the Urals1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): V.S. Mosin, A.V. Epimakhov, A.A. Vybornov, A.I. KorolevSociocultural processes in the Uralian Chalcolithic were determined both by the evolutionary changes in the local post-Neolithic societies and by the migratory activity of the southern human groups, which fact makes the cultural and historical analysis of archeological records problematic. Until recently, the chronology and periodization of the Uralian Chalcolithic were based mainly on stratigraphy, artifacts typology, and intuition. In the article, we analyze more than 150 radiocarbon dates obtained for various Ural areas and adjacent territories. The Early Chalcolithic in the Volga- Ural area around the 6th/5th millenium cal BC boundary is associated with migration of human groups bearing the Syezzheye and Khvalynsk pottery traditions. In the second half of the 5th millennium cal BC, local Chalcolithic traditions were formed: Tok and Turganik of the Volga-Ural, comb and pseudo-cord of the Trans-Urals, Novoilyinskoye and Gari- Bor of the Kama area. The Early Chalcolithic in the Northern Kazakhstan appears to be the latest. Ethnic and Cultural Mosaic in Western Baraba during the Late Bronze to Iron Age Transition (14TH–8TH Centuries BC)1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): V.I. MolodinIn the Late Bronze Age, a group of cultures dominated by that of the Irmen had appeared in the forest-steppe area located on the right bank of the Irtysh River basin. Different parts of this region were inhabited by populations from the Irmen, Suzgun, and Pakhomovskaya cultures as well as those related to the Relief-Band Ware culture. The degree of their interaction appears to have varied. Evidence suggests that the intensive development of this group occurred during the subsequent transitional period, which spanned from the Bronze to the Iron Age. Populations that inhabited the north, west and south-west regions migrated into this area to establish large and fortified trading posts. Imitation/Reconstruction of an Early Medieval Dwelling in the Western Amur Basin1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): S.P. Nesterov, V.P. Mylnikov, D.P. Volkov, B.V. NaumchenkoThe article presents the imitation/reconstruction of an early-medieval dwelling. It was built to actual size using the plan of dwelling No. 5 from the Mikhailovskoye fortified settlement at the Zavitaya River, in the Amur Region. A detailed description of the construction and assembly of individual units of frame-and-pillar structure is provided. The problems associated with the functioning of the dwelling in different seasons are discussed. Inscriptions in Uyghur Writing and Runic Characters from the Urkosh Area (Central Altai)1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): L.Y. Tugusheva, S.G. Klyashtorny, G.V. KubarevThe authors interpret and introduce for scientific use two previously unknown Runic inscriptions and one inscription in the Uyghur writing found on the rocks of the Urkosh area in Central Altai. The Uyghur writing in black paint is the only find of such a kind in the whole region. It was created not earlier than the 10th century. The Runic characters could be dated back to the 8th–9th centuries. The supreme power-holders or tribal leaders are mentioned in the Urkosh inscriptions, which is quite rare in the collection of the early medieval runic manuscripts of the Altai. High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Mummy from Ak-Alakha-3 Mound 1, Ukok Plateau, Gorny Altai: Findings and Interpretations1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): A.Y. Letyagin, A.A. Savelov, N.V. PolosmakThe availability of science-based methods has marked a new stage in the study of Pazyryk mummies. This article outlines the results of a magnetic resonance imaging examination of a mummy found in 1993 at Ak-Alakha-3 mound 1, the Ukok Plateau, Gorny Altai—so far the only undisturbed burial of a high-ranking Pazyryk woman discovered in permafrost. The MRI examination revealed several diseases that may have caused the woman's death, and yielded certain facts relevant to her lifestyle. These findings may have implications for the woman's special status as a person “chosen by spirits”, possibly a priestess. Paleolandscape Reconstruction of the Abrau Peninsula Littoral (Krasnodar Territory): Based on Sediments at the Entrance of Lobanova Shchel
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): A.A. Malyshev, A.A. Golyeva, E.A. Spiridonova, A.S. Aleshinskaya, M.D. KochanovaBurial ground horizons dating as far back as the 6th–2nd centuries BC and the cultural layers associated with settlements dated to the Late Bronze (?) Age, the Classical Antiquity, and the Middle Ages, have been identified during a multidisciplinary study of sediments exposed by trenching at the entrance of Lobanova Shchel (Lobanova Gorge), near a burial ground of the 6th–2nd centuries BC. The study has provided insights into general regularities of paleolandscape evolution in the littoral zone of the Abrau Peninsula. A correlation between the composition of plant communities, changes in sea level, seismic and sedimentary processes has been carried out. An Archaeological Landscape in the Dzhazator Valley (Altai Mountains): Surface Monuments and Petroglyphs from the Chalcolithic to the Ethnographic Period
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): J. Bourgeois, D.V. Cheremisin, G. Plets, E.P. Dvornikov, A.V. Ebel, B. Stichelbaut, L. van Hoof, W. GheyleAnalysis of the organization of archaeological sites in the Dzhazator valley reveals patterns from the Chalcolithic to the Ethnographic period. There is a relationship between the monuments and petroglyphs in the Bronze Age, with a preference for the northern bank in the lower valley. In the early Iron Age and Turkic periods, all parts of the valley were used. The analysis reveals a distinction between the northern and the southern bank, where the latter was avoided for monuments and for petroglyphs. The one exception is located in the middle part of the valley, where it is possible to cross the river. Metal Plaques from the Fortified Settlement Old Iskarra: Attribution and Subjects1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): A.V. BauloThe article describes and attributes six tin plaques found in the north of Western Siberia, at a site held sacred by the Mansi. The study suggests that their motifs are associated with the figure of the Biblical King David, and proposes that these objects are of Russian origin, dating back to the initial period of the Russian advancement into Western Siberia in the early 16th century. Ethnological Approach to Siberian Zoomorphs: A Search for Meaning and Implications for the Upper Paleolithic Evidence
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): S. SázelováEthnological analogies derived from studies of recent environments and societies in Arctic and Subarctic regions of Siberia are generally being applied in archaeological interpretative models. The analogies prove to be inspiring, because each of them has the potential to enlarge the scope of static archaeological evidence by including dynamic aspects of social and symbolic systems within recent societies. Here, we analyze electronic databases and literature on zoomorphic and theriantropic figurines collected during the Jesup North Pacific expedition. Subsequently, the social value and mythological context that accompany specific zoomorphic themes were recorded. Some aspects of these paleoethnological implications are partially applicable to the Upper Paleolithic zoomorphs. Genealogies of the Siberian Bukharans: The Shikhovs1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): A.K. Bustanov, S.N. KorusenkoThis paper focuses on the analysis of historical stories associated with an elite family of Siberian Muslims. Particular attention is paid to verification of the original Arabic-language sources by comparing them with data obtained from population censuses and ethnographic interviews. The existence of genealogy among the West Siberian Tatars refers to the Bukharans who populated the region intensively in the 16th–19th centuries, developing into an ethnic and class group, and then in the 20th century assimilated among the Siberian Tatars. Several versions of the genealogy of descendants of ‘Awwas-Baqi, who arrived from the city of Sayram in the outskirts of Tara in Siberia, as well as the social status of the main members representing the Shikhov family, have been successfully identified. Early Iron Age Surgical Technologies: Ante-mortem Trepanation among the Early Nomads of Gorny Altai
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): T.A. Chikisheva, P.V. Volkov, A.L. Krivoshapkin, A.T. Titov, V.P. Kurbatov, A.V. Zubova, A.P. BorodovskyResults of a science-based analysis of ante-mortem trepanation carried out by Scythian Age surgeons of Gorny Altai (4th–3rd centuries BC) are presented. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis using synchrotron radiation, and magnetic resonance tomography were supplemented by micro- wear experiments. All trepanations were performed by scraping and included two stages. The bone tissue around the holes reveals high concentrations of copper and tin but no traces of iron or arsenic, suggesting that surgical instruments were made of tin bronze. A knife, experimentally manufactured of copper, tin, and zinc alloy and shaped like knives used by Southern Siberian nomads, was successfully used to perform trepanation on a cadaver. Abbreviations
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4Contributors
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4Papers Published in Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia in 2014
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:December 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 4Editorial Board
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3Contents
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3Zooarchaeology and Taphonomy of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic in Bondi Cave, Republic of Georgia
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): R. Yeshurun, M.-H. Moncel, D. Pleurdeau, R. Pinhasi, N. Tushabramishvili, T. Agapishvili, D. LordkipanidzeWe present a detailed zooarchaeological and taphonomic study of Bondi Cave, western Georgia, containing Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic levels. The faunal assemblages are dominated by Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica) and European bison (Bison cf. bonasus). High proportions of specimens bearing cut marks and percussion marks indicate that human activity was the main depositional agent. Carcass transport was selective according to the animal's size. Assemblage characteristics suggest short occupations of the cave by mobile Upper Paleolithic foragers. The general composition of the fauna probably reflects a more open setting for the Upper Paleolithic human occupations in this region, compared to the Holocene. Development of a Virtual 3d Model of Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): A.V. Leonov, M.N. Anikushkin, A.E. Bobkov, I.V. Rys, M.B. Kozlikin, M.V. Shunkov, A.P. Derevianko, Y.M. BaturinThe study addresses the implementation of the project “A Virtual Model of Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains” generating a 3D model of the cave and pinpointing certain key finds. The project includes the elaboration of software for interactive visualization in the virtual space of the cave. Apart from information about this unique site, the model is aimed at solving certain research problems. This is the first Russian attempt to create a virtual 3D model of a cave site. Holocene Seal Imagery in the Lake Baikal Region of Eastern Siberia1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): T.Y. Nomokonova, R.J. Losey, O.I. Goriunova, V.I. BazaliiskiiFor over 9000 years, seals were a major food source for many groups of foragers living in the Lake Baikal region of Eastern Siberia, as evidenced by the frequency of seal bones in the Holocene sites of that area. This article introduces new representations of seals and summarizes previously known seal depictions. Seal images were rather common in rock art and portable sculpture. Also, Neolithic and Bronze Age foragers used seal bones in manufacturing implements and ornaments and placed parts of seal carcasses in burials. From the Iron Age on, seals featured in pastoralist sacrificial rites, along with other animals. The Organization of the Mortuary Space in the Late Bronze Age: The Stary Sad Burial Ground, Baraba Forest-steppe, Southern Siberia*
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): V.I. Molodin, L.N. Mylnikova, D.V. Selin, A.V. NeskorovThe study focuses on the burial rite of the eastern variant of the Pakhomovskaya culture, exemplified by the Stary Sad burial ground in the Baraba forest-steppe. The eastern Pakhomovskaya people arranged their mortuary space in various ways including ditches, pits, bonfires, and other features, which differ in number and shape within mounds. The mound was the key element of the rite. Unlike Pakhomovskaya people living in the Tobol-Ishim interfluve, those of Baraba did not practice reburial. This might be due to the mixture of various traditions, with the eastern Pakhomovskaya groups borrowing several elements of the burial rite from the natives of Baraba while preserving the basic features of their own tradition. Cheek-pieces for a Horse Harness from the Kamenny Ambar Settlement*
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): A.G. Bersenev, L.N. Koryakova, I.V. Chechushkov, S.V. SharapovaThe article presents a description and analysis of harness cheek-pieces, fragments of which were recovered from the Bronze Age layer at the Kamenny Ambar settlement. The stratigraphic position of the artifacts is discussed along with data regarding typological, use-wear, and function analyses. One cheek-piece is attributed to the Sintashta and the other to the Petrovka cultural tradition. The chronological position of these finds is established, and the process of their manufacture and use reconstructed. “Hoofed Carnivore” Image Carved on a Bone Spoon from the Sara Burial Ground, Eastern Orenburg Region1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): V.K. FedorovA composite image of a “hoofed carnivore,” carved on a horn spoon from an early nomadic burial at Sara, Orenburg Province, is described. It combines the features of an ungulate and a carnivore – an open mouth with large canines and hoofed legs. Two interpretations, none of which is easy to substantiate, are discussed: either the carving represents a fantastic image or it is the artistic rendition of an actual animal – a musk deer. None of these versions is unambiguously supported by any animal images dating to the Scythian period. Nevertheless, there are reasons to believe that the image of a “hoofed carnivore” originated somewhere east of the Urals, possibly in the Altai or Tuva. Subsistence and Ritual Practices At The Polui Fortified Settlement, Western Siberia (Based on Fauna Remains)
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): T.V. Lobanova, O.V. KardashResults are presented of an analysis of animal bones from the late 16th–early 18th century Polui fortified settlement (excavations of 2004 and 2005). Twenty species of domestic and wild mammals, 22 species of birds, and 11 species of fish have been identified. The portion of various skeletal parts and fragmentation are assessed with regard to butchering techniques. Conclusions are drawn based on the bones of wild mammals and birds in connection with hunting practices and the functioning of the settlement as a seasonal hunting camp. Ritual practices relating to the use of animals are addressed. Revisiting the Chronology of the Early Sculptural Art of Kashmir, India
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): M.A. ShahIn the absence of any scientific dates available for the chronology of the early sculptural art of the Kashmir valley, it is important to mention that this particular subject has long been a bone of contention among scholars. Many theories have been propounded regarding the dates of the early terracotta sculptures excavated over the past 100 years in the Kashmir valley. Due to the very nominal archaeological investigations that have been carried out in the Kashmir valley, these theories have never been questioned. Over the past few decades certain excavations and accidental discoveries have provided useful data on the sculptural art of the Kashmir valley. This new data has been utilized in order to present a clear picture of the chronology of the sculptural art. Moreover, literary data and previously established theories have been also taken into consideration to give a new more plausible interpretation in the light of archaeological investigations which are carried out from time to time. Hence, this paper seeks a close comparison with other excavated sites in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia revisiting, reinvestigating, and reinterpreting data in order to establish the chronology of the early sculptural art of the Kashmir valley. New Belt of the “Byzantine Circle” from the Medieval Bayanovsky Burial Ground in the Perm Territory1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): A.V. Danich, N.B. KrylasovaA precious belt of the “Byzantine circle,” belonging to a representative of the local social elite was discovered in a burial of the 10th century at the Bayanovsky burial ground (Perm Territory). The belt is dated to the mid-8th century. Individual elements of similar belts have been found relatively often over large areas, including the Perm Territory, however, complete belt sets are rare. The belt shows extensive parallels with Avar and Khazar antiquities, but is distinguished by its unique decor, including the themes of the “royal” feast and lovemaking. The length of time between the production of the belt and its placement in the burial poses some questions. Alloy Composition in the Prestigious Silver Ware of the Old Turkic Period of Southern Siberia1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): A.P. BorodovskyA series of silver artifacts (ornaments, belt sets, horse equipment, and utensils) belonging to the most dynamically developing categories of the material culture of the Old Turkic period were examined using X-ray spectral analysis. The study of silver alloy compositions of various prestigious objects from representative archaeological complexes of southern Siberia (Kudyrge, Tuekta, Katanda, Bertek-34, Yustyd, and Ur-Bedary) made it possible to single out their main territorial groups: Altai, Kuznetsk, and Middle Yenisei. Four main kinds of silver alloys were identified: Ag-Cu, Ag-Cu-Su, Ag-Cu-Pb-Su, Ag-Cu-Zn. The highest silver content was found in the Old Turkic vessels of the first group. The belt decoration items and horse equipment parts demonstrate a variable alloy composition, mirroring cultural contacts between southwestern Siberian groups and those living in the adjacent regions in the second half of the 1st millennium AD. Concerning the History of Russian Archaeology in the Studies of a.d. Pryakhin (for the 75th Anniversary of the Scholar)
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): A.N. GolotvinThis article overviews the contribution of a well known Russian archaeologist, A.D. Pryakhin, to research on the history of Russian archaeology of various periods, and shows the relationship between the topics studied by Pryakhin and his teaching activities. It is emphasized that Pryakhin both focused on the works of individual archaeologists and small-scale problems, and attempted to understand the trends in the development of the entire history of Russian archaeology. The article shows a distinctive aspect of Pryakhin's studies – their close link with the development of specific areas of archaeological research, most clearly manifested in his books and articles on the Bronze Age of the Eurasian steppes and forest-steppes, the emergence of archaeology in the region, and the study of southeastern frontiers of the Slavic world and Old Rus. Elements of the Inau Cult in Ethnic and Cultural Contacts of the southern Far East1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): O.V. Maltseva, S.P. NesterovThe article describes the wood shaving stick cult (inau), practiced by the peoples of the continental and insular parts of the southern Far East. This cult is syncretic and variable, resulting from ethnic and cultural contacts between ethnic groups of the Pacific area. The study of inau, both archaeological and ethnographic, is relevant to an understanding of ethnic interaction in the region. The Mount of Yzykh Tagh with Relation to the Sacred Space and Ritual of the khakas (Late 19th–20th Century)*
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): V.A. Burnakov, D.T. TsydenovaThis article examines the notion of sacred space among the Khakas, in particular, the sacred mountain of Yzykh Tagh. Reverence of mountains is one of the striking phenomena associated with many aspects of the spiritual life of the Khakas people. The cultural heritage of the landscape is an integral part of the entire ethnic heritage. Sacred places are important in preserving traditions and ethnic identity. The study is based on the literature, archival sources, and field materials of the authors. Native Populations of the Northern Altai: Demographic Processes of the Late 19th–early 21st Century as Reflected in Surname Dynamics*
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): M.V. Ulyanova, M.B. Lavryashina, V.V. Nikolaev, I.V. Oktyabrskaya, V.G. DruzhininThe article presents the results of a study into the pool of surnames used among the Chelkans, Kumandins, and Tubalars living in the northern Altai from the late 19th century until the early 21st century. The study used an isonymic approach to assess the dynamics of the genetic and demographic structure of the indigenous peoples of the region. According to the factor of isonymy, the results show a low level of relationship between the generations of various northern Altai populations. Being an indicator of complex ethnicity, the composition of modern surnames reflects the impact of various social, economic, and demographic factors and processes (primarily, migration and assimilation), which have occurred previously and which are occurring currently across the territories of the northern Altai native populations. Bilateral Asymmetry of Long Bones in Bronze and Early Iron Age Pastoralists of the Altai*
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3
Author(s): S.S. TurThe aim of the study is to explore patterns of directional asymmetry (DA) of long bones among the ancient pastoralists of the Russian Altai. Long bones of the upper and lower limbs and clavicles were measured bilaterally in two temporally diverse skeletal samples dating to the Middle Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. Statistically significant sex and chronological differences were found in DA of the upper limb diaphyseal breadths, which are strongly influenced by mechanical factors during life. These results suggest that manual loadings were bilaterally symmetric in males, but not in females. Sexual dimorphism in the upper-limb-use asymmetry was greater in the later group than in the earlier group. Besides, the female subgroups exhibited strong DA in features evidencing biomechanical stress on the femur. Temporal differences in DA of the upper limb length are possibly due to changes in the level of environmental and/or genetic stress. Supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 11-06-00360а) and the Russian Foundation for the Humanities (Project No. 12-01-00159). Abbreviations
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3Contributors
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:September 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 3Editorial Board
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:June 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 2Contents
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:June 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 2Pleistocene Environments of Northwestern Altai: Vegetation and Climate1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:June 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 2
Author(s): N.S. Bolikhovskaya, M.V. ShunkovBased on an in-depth palynological analysis of stratified Paleolithic sites in the northwestern Altai, the succession of climatic, floral, and phytocenotic changes is reconstructed that occurred in the northwestern Altai during the alternating cold and relatively warm stages of the Pleistocene and which were critical to human survival and adaptation. Features of climatic optima and pessima are matched with the region's sequence of warm and cold periods of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. Early Upper Paleolithic Assemblages from the Japanese Islands: A Case Study from the Musashino Upland Around Tokyo
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:June 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 2
Author(s): T. YamaokaTransitional Early Upper Paleolithic stone tool assemblage from Musashino Upland, Japan, is analyzed with regard to raw materials, core reduction (blade technology), and tool types. Results suggest that the diachronic changes of the lithic assemblage can be explained by a shift in raw material utilization by mobile hunter-gatherers rather than by the sophistication of tool-making skills such as blade technology or by typological evolution. The results also indicate the possibility that changes in raw material utilization were caused by changes in residential mobility, in the foraging area size, and in organic raw material utilization within technological organizational systems adapted to various environments during the Early Upper Paleolithic. Technological adaptations were apparently diverse, and strategies anatomically modern humans used during their initial dispersal in Eastern Eurasia were flexible. Also, materials from other Japanese Islands as well the results of this study jointly suggest that the settlement history of anatomically modern humans in the Japanese Islands was more complex than previously believed. Studying the Forms of Ancient Ware: Theoretical and Practical Aspects1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:June 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 2
Author(s): L.N. MylnikovaThe methodology of studying the form of ancient earthen vessels, based on approaches suggested by G.D. Birkhoff, A.O. Shepard, H.-Å. Nordström, and others, is discussed with reference to the transitional Late Bronze/Early Iron Age ceramics from Western Siberian sites: Linevo-1, Om-1, and Mylnikova. Most specialists focus on the proportions of vessels. V.F. Gening's statistical approach is shown to be helpful, and the same is true of A.A. Bobrinsky's and Y.B. Tsetlin's methods of evaluating the form of earthen vessels by separating traditional types from imitations. Both shared and distinctive features are revealed, and various analytical techniques as applied to specific research objectives are compared. A Morphological Analysis of Vessels from Middle Bronze AGE (Early 2nd Millennium BC) Burials at Vengerovo, in the Irtysh Forest-steppe1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:June 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 2
Author(s): V.I. Molodin, L.N. Mylnikova, D.P. IvanovaThis study is based on measurements of 271 vessels from Tartas-1 and 51 vessels from Stary Tartas-4, Vengerovo Region, Novosibirsk Province. The distribution of types and categories of vessels in these two assemblages is similar, and both include “imitations.” While the morphology of vessels is generally uniform, variation is greater in Tartas-1. Dendrochronological Dating of Buildings in the Central Part of the Residential Area at the Staroturukhansk Fortified Settlement1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:June 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 2
Author(s): Z.Y. Zharnikov, M.A. Rudkovskaya, G.P. Vizgalov, V.S. MyglanThe article presents the results of dating the Staroturukhansk fortified settlement – a monument from the time of the Russian colonization of Siberia, and briefly describes the history of Staroturukhansk. Comparative analysis of archaeological and dendrochronological sources revealed six periods of building activities at the examined part of the site, dating to the mid-17th–mid-18th centuries. Bronze Age Animal Figurines from the Taiga Zone of the Ob Region
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:June 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 2
Author(s): S.F. KoksharovFigurines representing reindeer and bear heads were found at several Bronze Age sites of the Ob taiga. Images focus on the eyes, possibly relating to the right–left dichotomy. The same opposition is seen in certain Bronze and Early Iron Age anthropomorphic and zoomorphic representations rendered in clay, metal, and graphic. These findings may testify to a distinct artistic tradition practiced in the region. Kurgans of the Yenisei Kyrgyz at the Chineta II Burial Ground in the Altai
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:June 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 2
Author(s): P.K. DashkovskiyThis study focuses on the results of excavations of the Kyrgyz burial mounds at Chineta II, northwestern Altai. Local burials in this region are cremations accompanied by weapons, belt sets, and horse harness. They represent two stages of the local variant of the Kyrgyz culture – Yakonur (late 9th – early 10th centuries) and Ak-Tash (late 10th – 11th centuries). The findings demonstrate contact between the Kyrgyz immigrants and the Altai natives. At the Yakonur stage, they appeared to have coexisted peacefully, given that in the 9th–10th centuries Turks were allies of the Kyrgyz in their wars against the Uighurs. At the late stage, the nature of relationships changed, as evidenced by an intrusive Kyrgyz burial in a Srostki kurgan. This may be due to either hostility or to loss of knowledge about the ethnic attribution of the mound. If the latter is true, the Kyrgyz settlement of the Altai in the 11th century was not permanent. The Origin of A-frame Carts in the Minusinsk Basin, Southern Siberia
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:June 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 2
Author(s): V.A. NovozhenovDepictions of carts in the rock art of the Minusinsk Basin, the Upper Yenisei, southern Siberia, are compared with actual carts, whose remains were found in late 3rd– early 2nd millennium BC burials in the western Eurasian steppes. The carts were two-wheeled and four-wheeled, with open and covered platforms, and the wheels were solid or tripartite. Nose-rings, special yokes, ropes, and hooks were used to control draft animals (oxen or cows, not horses). The earliest A-frame carts appear to have originated in western Eurasian steppes whence they spread to the east. Alternative hypotheses stating that such carts had originated from those with two-poles, found at Gonur-tepe and other sites, are also discussed. The Dolgaya-1 Site and the Novoromanovo Rock Art Gallery: A Tentative Interpretation with Regard to Mythology and Seasonal Rites
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:June 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 2
Author(s): I.V. Kovtun, A.G. MarochkinThe Dolgaya-1 site and Novoromanovo rock art gallery in the Kemerovo Province, southern Siberia, may be jointly regarded as an unusual archaeological and petroglyphic complex dating to the Bronze Age. The proposed interpretation is based on the idea of a hunting feast in the context of the seasonal myth about a cosmic hunt. Late Ugrian and Evenkian reminiscences of this myth are discussed. The geographic location of Dolgaya-1 and Novoromanovo, specifically its drainage, may have contributed to the sacralization of the area. Cultivated Plants of the Bohai Population of Primorye According to Archaeobotanical Data1
2015-09-11 18:52:14 PM
Publication date:June 2014
Source:Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Volume 42, Issue 2
Author(s): E.A. SergushevaThe study presents quantitative information on the seed collections of cultivated plants from archaeological sites of the 8th–10th centuries located in Primorye (Russian Far East) and attempts to identify general and particular features of the set of cultigens in different areas of the region. The data makes it possible to identify the main crops which the population of Primorye cultivated both at the time of the Bohai state as well as after its defeat.
Παρασκευή 11 Σεπτεμβρίου 2015
Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia
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