Genotoxicity of ferric oxide nanoparticles in Raphanus sativus: Deciphering the role of signaling factors, oxidative stress and cell death

Publication date: Available online 18 April 2016
Source:Journal of Environmental Sciences
Author(s): Quaiser Saquib, Mohammad Faisal, Abdulrahman A. Alatar, Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy, Mukhtar Ahmed, Sabiha M. Ansari, Hend A. Alwathnani, Mohammad K. Okla, Sourabh Dwivedi, Javed Musarrat, Shelly Praveen, Shams T. Khan, Rizwan Wahab, Maqsood A. Siddiqui, Javed Ahmad
We have studied the genotoxic and apoptotic potential of ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3-NPs) in Raphanus sativus (radish). Fe2O3-NPs retarded the root length and seed germination in radish. Ultrathin sections of treated roots showed subcellular localization of Fe2O3-NPs, along with the appearance of damaged mitochondria and excessive vacuolization. Flow cytometric analysis of Fe2O3-NP (1.0mg/mL) treated groups exhibited 219.5%, 161%, 120.4% and 161.4% increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), nitric oxide (NO) and Ca²⁺ influx in radish protoplasts. A concentration dependent increase in the antioxidative enzymes glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) has been recorded. Comet assay showed a concentration dependent increase in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stand breaks in Fe2O3-NP treated groups. Cell cycle analysis revealed 88.4% of cells in sub-G1 phase apoptotic phase, suggesting cell death in Fe2O3-NP (2.0mg/mL) treated group. Taking together, the genotoxicity induced by Fe2O3-NPs highlights the importance of environmental risk associated with improper disposal of nanoparticles (NPs) and radish can serve as a good indicator for measuring the phytotoxicity of NPs grown in NP-polluted environment.

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