..ΦΑΤΑ ΜΟΡΓΚΑΝΑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fata_Morgana
Εξιταλισμένη απόδοση του μεσαιωνικού αγγλικού Morgan Le Fay,νεράϊδα των θρύλων και των μυθιστοριών του κύκλου του Αρθούρου.
Η καταγωγή της μορφής είναι σύμπλοκη.
Ορισμένοι θεωρούν ότι προήλθε από :
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α.την ιρλανδική θεά του πολέμου Morrigan : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morr%C3%ADgan
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β.την κελτική ''Θαλασσογεννημένη'' Muirgen : http://brigid-undertheoak.blogspot.com/2009/02/muirgen-mermaid-saint-27-january9.html
(Means "born of the sea" in Gaelic. In Irish legend this was the name of a woman (originally named Líban) who was transformed into a mermaid. After 300 years she was brought to shore, baptized, and transformed back into a woman.),και
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γ.την προ-Κελτική Ματρώνα Modron :
DEA MATRONA : (In Celtic mythology, Dea Matrona ("divine mother goddess") was the goddess of the river Marne in Gaul.
In many areas she was worshipped as a triple goddess, and known as Deae Matres (or Deae Matronae), with a wider sphere of believed[who?] influence. This triadic deity is well attested throughout northern Europe (more generally as the Matres or Matrones), not just in Celtic areas, and was similar to the Fates, Furies, Norns, and other such figures.
The Gaulish theonym Mātr-on-ā is interpreted to mean "great mother". The name of Welsh mythological figure Modron, mother of Mabon is derived from the same etymon.[citation needed] By analogy, Dea Matrona may conceivably have been the mother of the Gaulish Maponos)
In many areas she was worshipped as a triple goddess, and known as Deae Matres (or Deae Matronae), with a wider sphere of believed[who?] influence. This triadic deity is well attested throughout northern Europe (more generally as the Matres or Matrones), not just in Celtic areas, and was similar to the Fates, Furies, Norns, and other such figures.
The Gaulish theonym Mātr-on-ā is interpreted to mean "great mother". The name of Welsh mythological figure Modron, mother of Mabon is derived from the same etymon.[citation needed] By analogy, Dea Matrona may conceivably have been the mother of the Gaulish Maponos)
MODRON : (In Welsh mythology, Modron ("divine mother") was a daughter of Afallach, derived from the Gaulish goddess Matrona. She may have been the prototype of Morgan le Fay from Arthurian legend. She was the mother of Mabon, who bears her name as "Mabon ap Modron" ("Mabon, Son of Modron") and who was stolen away from her when he was three days old and later rescued by King Arthur.[1]
In the Welsh Triads, Modron becomes impregnated by Urien and gives birth to Owain and Morvydd.
Her Gaulish counterpart Matrona is a Celtic mother goddess and tutelary goddess of the River Marne. She is also a fertility and harvest deity often equated with Greece's Demeter or Ireland's Danu. In Britain, she appears as a washerwoman, and thus there would seem to be a connection with the Morrígan)
In the Welsh Triads, Modron becomes impregnated by Urien and gives birth to Owain and Morvydd.
Her Gaulish counterpart Matrona is a Celtic mother goddess and tutelary goddess of the River Marne. She is also a fertility and harvest deity often equated with Greece's Demeter or Ireland's Danu. In Britain, she appears as a washerwoman, and thus there would seem to be a connection with the Morrígan)
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Αναφέρεται για πρώτη φορά το 1150 στο έργο του Geoffrey of Monmouth ''Η ζωή του Μέρλιν'' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth
Κατά την αφήγηση αυτή ,γνώριζε τις τέχνες της θεραπείας και της μεταμόρφωσης και βασίλευε μαζί με τις 8 αδελφές της στο νησί των Μήλων ή Άβαλον.
(According to Geoffrey in the Historia and much subsequent literature which he inspired, Avalon is the place where King Arthur is taken after fighting Mordred at the Battle of Camlann to recover from his wounds. Welsh, Cornish and Breton tradition claimed that Arthur had never really died, but would inexorably return to lead his people against their enemies as discussed in King Arthur's messianic return. The Historia also states that Avalon is where his sword Caliburn (Excalibur) was forged. Geoffrey dealt with Avalon in more detail in Vita Merlini, in which he describes for the first time in Arthurian legend the enchantress Morgan le Fay as the chief of nine sisters who live on Avalon. Geoffrey's description of the island indicates a sea voyage was needed to get there. His description shows the magical nature of the island:
The island of apples which men call “The Fortunate Isle” gets its name from the fact that it produces all things of itself; the fields there have no need of the ploughs of the farmers and all cultivation is lacking except what nature provides. Of its own accord it produces grain and grapes, and apple trees grow in its woods from the close-clipped grass. The ground of its own accord produces everything instead of merely grass, and people live there a hundred years or more. There nine sisters rule by a pleasing set of laws those who come to them from our country.[1] )
The island of apples which men call “The Fortunate Isle” gets its name from the fact that it produces all things of itself; the fields there have no need of the ploughs of the farmers and all cultivation is lacking except what nature provides. Of its own accord it produces grain and grapes, and apple trees grow in its woods from the close-clipped grass. The ground of its own accord produces everything instead of merely grass, and people live there a hundred years or more. There nine sisters rule by a pleasing set of laws those who come to them from our country.[1] )
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Στην μυθιστορία "Erec and Enide",1165,του Chretien De Troyes,εμφανίζεται για πρώτη φορά ως αδελφή του Αρθούρου.
(The poem begins with an unarmored Erec keeping Guinevere company while other knights participate in a stag hunt. A strange knight and his dwarf approach the queen and treat her servant roughly. The Queen orders Erec to follow the knight, Yder, to avenge the insult done to her servant. Erec ends up travelling to a far off town where he meets and falls in love with Enide. Erec defeats Yder and marries his love.
Some time later, however, rumors spread that Erec has come to neglect his knightly duties. He overhears Enide crying over these rumors, and apparently doubts her love and devotion. He orders her to prepare for a journey, and they set off to parts unknown. He commands her to be silent through the whole ordeal, but she disobeys her obstinate husband several times to warn him of danger. The couple face and overcome a number of adventures, and Enide's undying love allows Erec to prove himself capable of handling both his marital and public duties.
Erec and Enide displays the problems of love and chivalry that Chrétien takes up in all his later work. Popular in its own day, the poem was translated into several other languages, notably German in Hartmann von Aue's Erec and Welsh in Geraint and Enid, one of the Three Welsh Romances included in the Mabinogion.
Erec and Enide has come down to us in seven manuscripts and various fragments. The poem comprises 6,878 octosyllables in rhymed couplets. A prose version was made in the 15th century. The first modern edition dates from 1856 by Immanuel Bekker, followed by an edition in 1890 by Wendelin Foerster)
Some time later, however, rumors spread that Erec has come to neglect his knightly duties. He overhears Enide crying over these rumors, and apparently doubts her love and devotion. He orders her to prepare for a journey, and they set off to parts unknown. He commands her to be silent through the whole ordeal, but she disobeys her obstinate husband several times to warn him of danger. The couple face and overcome a number of adventures, and Enide's undying love allows Erec to prove himself capable of handling both his marital and public duties.
Erec and Enide displays the problems of love and chivalry that Chrétien takes up in all his later work. Popular in its own day, the poem was translated into several other languages, notably German in Hartmann von Aue's Erec and Welsh in Geraint and Enid, one of the Three Welsh Romances included in the Mabinogion.
Erec and Enide has come down to us in seven manuscripts and various fragments. The poem comprises 6,878 octosyllables in rhymed couplets. A prose version was made in the 15th century. The first modern edition dates from 1856 by Immanuel Bekker, followed by an edition in 1890 by Wendelin Foerster)
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Με την πάροδο του χρόνου,τον 12ο και τον 13ο αιώνα,διαμορφώθηκαν δύο παραδόσεις :
α.μία η οποία την θεωρούσε ως αγαθοποιό και
β.μία η οποία της απέδιδε μοχθηρό χαρακτήρα.
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Στον "Κύκλο της μετα-Βουλγάτας",των αρχών του 13ου αιώνα,εμφανίζεται να προκαλεί προβλήματα στις σχέσεις του Αρθούρου με την βασίλισσα του Γκουίνεβηρ,αλλά τελικά προστρέχει να συνδράμει τον ετοιμοθάνατο Αρθούρο.
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Η ΜΟΧΘΗΡΗ ΠΛΕΥΡΑ ΤΟΥ ΧΑΡΑΚΤΗΡΑ :
Δίνει έμφαση και αντανακλά την δυσπιστία των μυθιστοριών προς τις νεράϊδες και τις μάγισσες,ως φορείς σκοτεινής γνώσης.
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Ο ΡΟΛΟΣ ΩΣ ΘΕΡΑΠΑΙΝΙΔΑ :
Προσέλαβε κάποια χριστιανική χροιά.
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Στην Σικελική παράδοση,Φάτα Μοργκάνα,ονομάζεται,ως σήμερα,ένας αντικατοπτρισμός,"ΤΟ ΠΑΛΑΤΙ ΤΗΣ ΦΑΤΑ ΜΟΡΓΚΑΝΑ",ο οποίος εμφανίζεται συχνά στον πορθμό της Μεσσήνης και ο οποίος συνίσταται σε επιμήκυνση αντικειμένων που βρίσκονται στην απέναντι ακτή.
Αποτελεί συνδυασμό του προς τα άνω και του προς τα κάτω διπλού αντικαταπτρισμού.
Ο τύπος αυτός αντικατοπτρισμού έχει παρατηρηθεί επίσης στον κόλπο Τογιάμα στην δυτική ακτή της Ιαπωνίας και,σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις,στις Μεγάλες Λίμνες της Β.Αμερικής.
(Morgan eventually became connected with the mirage known as the Fata Morgana. Wolfram von Eschenbach in his Parzival calls the famous Sicilian volcano Etna "The Mountain of Morgan the Fairy". At the same time legends claimed that sirens in the waters around Sicily lured the unwary to their deaths. Subsequently Morgan le Fay became associated not only with Etna, but also with sirens. In the medieval French Arthurian romance Floriant et Florete, she is called "mistress of the fairies of the salt sea", La mestresse [des] fées de la mer salée.[7]
Other legends claim she created boats that fly above the sea and never approach the shore and caused golden castles to float in the air above the straits of Messina, castles that no one was ever able to reach and that were nothing more than an optical illusion - a mirage, the Fata Morgana, as she was called in Italy.[7])
Other legends claim she created boats that fly above the sea and never approach the shore and caused golden castles to float in the air above the straits of Messina, castles that no one was ever able to reach and that were nothing more than an optical illusion - a mirage, the Fata Morgana, as she was called in Italy.[7])
(A fata morgana, Italian translation of Morgan le Fay, the fairy shapeshifting half-sister of King Arthur, is a mirage, an optical phenomenon which results from a temperature inversion.
Fata Morgana is most common in polar regions, especially over large sheets of ice with a uniform low temperature, but it can be observed almost anywhere. While in polar regions Fata Morgana is observed on cold days, in deserts and over oceans and lakes Fata Morgana is observed on hot days. In this form of mirage, images which would normally be concealed behind the horizon appear distorted in the sky.
A fata morgana is caused by abrupt variances in air temperature; when air above the line of sight is warmer than the air below. This is known as temperature inversion, since it does not represent the normal temperature gradient of the atmosphere. Light traveling from the horizon is refracted towards the earth, away from the warmer air above. These are the conditions which cause a superior mirage - a Fata Morgana occurs only when light travels through multiple distinct temperature gradients. This results in an image which may be compressed in some sections and expanded in others. As air temperature changes over time so do the various angles of refraction, causing the image to expand or contract as the atmosphere returns to its standard temperature gradient.
The first mention of the "Fata Morgana" phenomenon in English was in 1818, when this type of mirage was observed in the Strait of Messina, between Calabria and Sicily.)
Fata Morgana is most common in polar regions, especially over large sheets of ice with a uniform low temperature, but it can be observed almost anywhere. While in polar regions Fata Morgana is observed on cold days, in deserts and over oceans and lakes Fata Morgana is observed on hot days. In this form of mirage, images which would normally be concealed behind the horizon appear distorted in the sky.
A fata morgana is caused by abrupt variances in air temperature; when air above the line of sight is warmer than the air below. This is known as temperature inversion, since it does not represent the normal temperature gradient of the atmosphere. Light traveling from the horizon is refracted towards the earth, away from the warmer air above. These are the conditions which cause a superior mirage - a Fata Morgana occurs only when light travels through multiple distinct temperature gradients. This results in an image which may be compressed in some sections and expanded in others. As air temperature changes over time so do the various angles of refraction, causing the image to expand or contract as the atmosphere returns to its standard temperature gradient.
The first mention of the "Fata Morgana" phenomenon in English was in 1818, when this type of mirage was observed in the Strait of Messina, between Calabria and Sicily.)
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