Moral Deference and Deference to an Epistemic Peer
Davia, C., Palmira, M., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
Deference to experts is normal in many areas of inquiry, but suspicious in morality. This is puzzling if one thinks that morality is relevantly like those other areas of inquiry. We argue that this suspiciousness can be explained in terms of the suspiciousness of deferring to an epistemic peer. We then argue that this explanation is preferable to others in the literature, and explore some metaethical implications of this result.The Causal Closure Principle
Gibb, S., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
In the mental causation debate, there is a common assumption that interactive dualism is false because of the principle of the causal closure of the physical domain. However, this paper argues that recent advances in metaphysics—more specifically, in the philosophy of causation—reveal a serious, general flaw in contemporary formulations of this principle.How the Tractatus was Meant to be Read
Hacker, P. M. S., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
This paper describes the results of the work of Luciano Bazzocchi on the composition of the Tractatus, and the significance of the numbering system. The method of composition can be inferred from MS 104 (which is not to be confused with the Prototractatus that was constructed from it). The book was constructed as a logical tree, with propositions 1 to 6 as the basic propositions. From these, various branches are constructed as numerical sequences (e.g. 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5). From each of these nodes further branches stem. Bazzocchi demonstrates that the book was not meant to be read linearly (as we all read it), but sequentially. This renders the argument of the book perspicuous, illuminates the anaphoric references, makes clear the dependence of proposition 7 on 6, rather than on 6.54. It shows that the conception of the book as a 526-rung ladder, as suggested by the American Wittgensteinians, is misguided.Descartes, Corpuscles and Reductionism: Mechanism and Systems in Descartes' Physiology
Hutchins, B. R., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
I argue that Descartes explains physiology in terms of whole systems, and not in terms of the size, shape and motion of tiny corpuscles (corpuscular mechanics). It is a standard, entrenched view that Descartes’ proper means of explanation in the natural world is through strict reduction to corpuscular mechanics. This view is bolstered by a handful of corpuscular–mechanical explanations in Descartes’ physics, which have been taken to be representative of his treatment of all natural phenomena. However, Descartes’ explanations of the ‘principal parts’ of physiology do not follow the corpuscular–mechanical pattern. Des Chene has identified systems in Descartes’ account of physiology, but takes them ultimately to reduce down to the corpuscle level. I argue that they do not. Rather, Descartes maintains entire systems, with components selected from multiple levels of organization, in order to construct more complete explanations than corpuscular mechanics alone would allow.Kant and 'Ought Implies Can'
Kohl, M., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
Although Kant is often considered the founding father of the controversial principle ‘Ought Implies Can’ (OIC), it is not at all clear how Kant himself understands and defends this principle. This essay provides a substained interpretation of Kant's views on OIC. I argue that Kant endorses two versions of OIC: a version that is concerned with our physical capacities, and a version that posits a link between moral obligation and a volitional power of choice. I show that although there are important senses in which Kant's conception of OIC differs from the way in which OIC is discussed in recent philosophy, his account raises important issues for contemporary theory: for instance, it highlights the extent to which acceptance or rejection of OIC reflects convictions about the sources of normativity.Personal Style and Artistic Style
Riggle, N., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
What is it for a person to have style? Philosophers working in action theory, ethics and aesthetics are surprisingly quiet on this question. I begin by considering whether theories of artistic style shed any light on it. Many philosophers, artists and art historians are attracted to some version of the view that artistic style is the expression of personality. I clarify this view and argue that it is implausible for both artistic style and, suitably modified, personal style. In fact, both theories of style crack along the same line, which suggests that they can indeed be mutually illuminating. I articulate and defend a view of personal style according to which, roughly, having style is a matter of expressing one's ideals. I show how this illuminates the widely neglected value of personal style and propose a new, analogous theory of artistic style: artistic style is the expression of the ideals the artist has for her art.Collapsing Emergence
Taylor, E., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
The thesis that nature is composed of metaphysical levels is commonly understood in terms of emergence. In this paper, I uncover a problem for accounts of emergence, the collapse problem. The collapse problem suggests that emergence merely tracks relations between arbitrary groups of properties and so cannot be used in service of the levels view. I reject several failed attempts to solve the collapse problem and argue for an alternative solution according to which emergence is not a distinction between metaphysical levels, but instead tracks the unavailability of scientific explanations.Speaking of Essence
Torza, A., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
Classical modalism about essence is the view that essence can be analysed in modal terms. Despite Kit Fine's influential critique, no general refutation of classical modalism has yet been given. In the first part of the paper, I provide such a refutation by showing that the notion of essence cannot be analysed in terms of any sentential operator definable in the language of standard quantified modal logic. As a reaction to Fine's critique, some have defended sophisticated modalism, which attempts to analyse essence in an enriched modal language quantifying over both possible and impossible worlds. In the second part of the paper, I argue that sophisticated modalism falls prey to variations on Fine's counterexamples to classical modalism. I conclude that the most promising approaches to understanding the notion of essence consist in taking essence either as primitive or as analysable via a combination of modal and non-modal notions.Free will and the Asymmetrical Justifiability of Holding Morally Responsible
Vilhauer, B., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
This paper is about an asymmetry in the justification of praising and blaming behaviour which free will theorists should acknowledge even if they do not follow Wolf and Nelkin in holding that praise and blame have different control conditions. That is, even if praise and blame have the same control condition, we must have stronger reasons for believing that it is satisfied to treat someone as blameworthy than we require to treat someone as praiseworthy. Blaming behaviour which involves serious harm can only be justified if the claim that the target of blame acted freely cannot be reasonably doubted. But harmless praise can be justified so long as the claim that the candidate for praise did not act freely can be reasonably doubted. Anyone who thinks a debate about whether someone acted freely is truth-conducive has to acknowledge that reasonable doubt is possible in both these cases.On the Significance of Bodily Awareness for Bodily Action
Wong, H. Y., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
What is the significance of bodily awareness for bodily action? The orthodox philosophical account from O'Shaughnessy claims that bodily awareness is necessary for bodily action. Whilst O'Shaughnessy's account appears to be consonant with the phenomenology of ordinary agency, it falls afoul to empirical counterexamples. The failure of O'Shaughnessy's account and its cousins might suggest that bodily action does not depend on bodily awareness. On the contrary, I argue that the contrast between the character of afferented and deafferented agency shows that bodily awareness is crucial to explaining the distinctive character of bodily action in neurologically normal agents. In particular, the capacity to feel one's body ‘from the inside’ appears to be a condition on the capacity to act with one's body in a way that is not like remote control. This dependency of capacities is at once empirically adequate and in tune with the phenomenology of ordinary agency.A Note on Existentially Known Assertions
Milic, I., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
An assertion is existentially known if and only if: (i) the speaker knows that the sentence she uses to make the assertion expresses a true proposition; (ii) she makes the assertion based on that knowledge; and (iii) she does not believe, have justification for, or know the proposition asserted. Accordingly, if existentially known assertions could be made correctly—as argued by Charlie Pelling in his ‘Assertion and the Provision of Knowledge’—this would show that the norm of assertion cannot be the speaker's belief in, justification for or knowledge of the proposition. In this paper, I try to show that Pelling's argument is inconclusive, as it rests on two assumptions which can be resisted. In turn, I offer a pair of alternative strategies to explain how we can deal with existentially known assertions under the assumption that the speaker's knowledge is the norm of assertion.Discussion
Pelletier, F. J., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
Aristotle's Teaching in the Politics
Berryman, S., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
The First Sense: A Philosophical Study of Human Touch
Cavedon-Taylor, D., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
The Aim of Belief
Chapman, D. H., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
New Thinking about Propositions
Collins, J., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
Dialogues with Contemporary Political Theorists
Connelly, J., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
The Conceptual Structure of Reality
Glouberman, M., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
The Future of the Philosophy of Time
Goswick, D., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
The Birth of Theory
Habib, M. A. R., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
Acts: Theater, Philosophy, and the Performing Self
Hamilton, J. R., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
God, Value, and Nature
Inwood, M., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
Reference and Existence: The John Locke Lectures
Kroon, F., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
Social Injustice: Essays in Political Philosophy
Lazenby, H., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
Forgiveness and Love
Pinsent, A., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
The Nonexistent
Reicher, M. E., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
Posthumanism
Roden, D., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
Understanding Inconsistent Science
Yudell, Z., 2015-09-24 16:31:51 PM
Πέμπτη 24 Σεπτεμβρίου 2015
The Philosophical Quarterly
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